Lymphoma

Lymphoma

Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymphatic cells of the immune system, was one of the first types of cancer to be considered curable. In the 1970s, the success of combination chemotherapy in curing patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma helped inspire the nation's new investments in cancer research. Since then, continued advances have led to high cure rates for some forms of lymphoma, while helping to reduce side effects and improve patients' lives.

Despite these advances, lymphoma is not always curable and more than 20,000 Americans still die from the disease annually. However, researchers are gaining a deeper understanding of the biology of lymphoma, with more than 60 unique cancer subtypes now known. This information is guiding the search for new treatments and helping to determine which patients need more aggressive therapy.

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1949

First chemotherapy drug approved for cancer

First chemotherapy drug approved for cancer

Following results of clinical trials conducted in 1946 and 1947, nitrogen mustard is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma. Nitrogen mustard – also known as mustard gas and stockpiled as a weapon in World War II – kills cancer cells by modifying their DNA through a process called alkylation. Its discovery spurs rapid advancements in chemotherapy, and the drug still receives some use today in combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma.

1945

Radiation cures some patients with Hodgkin lymphoma

Radiation cures some patients with Hodgkin lymphoma

Early in the 20th century, doctors find that use of radiation therapy can cure some patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, one of two major classes of lymphomas. When studies show that radiating larger parts of the body improves cure rates, physicians begin increasing the size of the radiation fields during therapy. In later decades, however, the long-term effects of radiation to the chest (including cardiovascular disease and second cancers) are recognized, and efforts are taken to reduce radiation exposure to healthy tissue.